Link: walter.bislins.ch/bloge/?page=Knowledge+Database&qs=Calculations&mask=3
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#131 | 3/21/2020 | Author: Wolfie6020 | Type: Youtube | Keywords: Airplane, Approach, Calculations, Curvature, ILS, GPS, GNSS, Glide Slope
Some airports use GNSS (GPS) non precision approach (NPA) and ILS (radio beacon) precision approach (PA) vertical guidance for the final approach to the runway. ILS is a straight line approach, while GNSS is a curved line approach following the curvature of the earth on a glide slope angle. In the calculations of the distance from the runway to the final approach point the curvature of the earth is taken into account for both approach variants.
The United States Standard for Area Navigation (RNAV) (pdf); page 66
United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) (pdf); page 79 and paragraph 98:
98. Precise final approach fix (PFAF). The PFAF is a calculated WGS84 geographic position located on the final approach course where the designed vertical path (NPA procedures) or glidepath (APV and PA procedures) intercepts the intermediate segment altitude (glidepath intercept altitude). The PFAF marks the beginning of the FAS. The calculation of the distance from LTP to PFAF includes the earth curvature.
The equation to calculate how much of the earth is visible from a certain altitude is:
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Example: from ISS altitude d = 400 km we can see n = 2.95% of earth's surface.
#226 | Author: Roger R. Bate, Donald D. Mueller, Jerry E. White | Type: PDF | Keywords: Two-body Equations, Nobody Equations, Orbit, Transfer Maneuvers, Keppler, Gauss, Ballistic, Perturbation, Interplanetary, Book
The text is structured for teaching. Central emphasis is on use of the universal variable formulation, although classical methods are discussed. Several original unpublished derivations are included. A foundation for all that follows is the development of the basic two-body and nobody equations of motion; orbit determination is then treated, and the classical orbital elements, coordinate transformations, and differential correction. Orbital transfer maneuvers are developed, followed by time-of-flight with emphasis on the universal variable solution. The Kepler and Gauss problems are treated in detail. Two-body mechanics are applied to the ballistic missile problem, including launch error analysis and targeting on a rotating earth. Some further specialized applications are made to lunar and interplanetary flight, followed by an introduction to perturbation, special perturbations, integration schemes and errors, and analytic formulations of several common perturbations.
#36 | 9/1/2018 | Author: Walter Bislin | Type: Website | Keywords: Calculator, Equations, Gravity, Centrifugal, Reference Ellipsoid, WGS84
This calculator can be used to compute the effective gravitational acceleration, the pure gravitational acceleration and the centrifugal acceleration for any point on the Reference Ellipsoid of the earth for both surface and at altitude according to the model WGS84.
#37 | 7/17/2019 | Author: Walter Bislin | Type: Website | Keywords: Calculator, Equations, WGS84, ECEF, Reference Ellipsoid, Coordinate Transformations
Calculator for WGS84 based transformations of vectors between ECEF cartesian and geodetic coordinates (lat,long,height). All equations are provided.
#207 | Author: Walter Bislin | Type: Math | Keywords: Approximation, Equations, Curvature, Drop, Hidden
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Dip Angle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Horizon Distance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hidden Height | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
where' |
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#67 | 2/11/2020 | Author: Walter Bislin | Type: Website | Keywords: Refraction, Measuring, Globe vs. Flat Earth, Zenith Angles, Equations
Measuring the shape of the earth using a theodolite without assuming a globe is not trivial, because atmospheric refraction introduces measurement errors which change the appearance of the earth. I describe a method of how the shape of the earth can be determined taking refraction into account.
#35 | 8/9/2017 | Author: Walter Bislin | Type: Website | Keywords: Gravitation, Centrifugal, Eötvös Effect, Aircraft, Calculator, Equations
In a fast-flying aircraft heading east near the equator, an additional centrifugal acceleration to earths centrifugal acceleration acts away from the earth so that a part of the earth's attraction force is canceled out and therefore one is slightly lighter in the aircraft than on the ground. This is called the Eötvös effect.
In this article, this effect can be calculated with a calculation form for any location and flight direction and altitude. The calculation is verified by means of a real flight. In addition, all the formulas used are listed and explained.
#184 | 1/3/2000 | Author: National Imagery and Mapping Agency NIMA | Type: PDF | Keywords: WGS84, EGM96, Reference Ellipsoid, Geoid, Gravity, Earth's Rotation, Equations, Parameters, Official Shape of the Earth
The WGS 84 represents the best global geodetic reference system for the Earth available at this time for practical applications of mapping, charting, geopositioning and navigation.
Original Link: https://earth-info.nga.mil/
#39 | 9/5/2018 | Author: Walter Bislin | Type: Website | Keywords: Gravity, Heliocentric Model, Sun, Earth, Moon, Animation, Simulation, Equations
In the coordinate system of the sun, the moon tracks a weird path, sometimes speeding up, sometimes slowing down. At the nearer side to the sun the moon gets attracted more by the sun than at the further side. The sun is much bigger than the earth and its attracting force is bigger than that of the earth.
So why is it that the moon does not left earth's orbit and crash into the sun? I give the detailed explanation in this article, which includes an interactive simulation.